Antibacterial · Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract · CAS 989-51-5
Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG)
C₂₂H₁₈O₁₁
The most active catechin in green tea. Inhibits S. mutans growth, disrupts biofilm, and does not cause resistance.
QDRO position
We use itNatural antibacterial agent replacing synthetic preservatives — the clean-formula choice.
Effective concentration
0.1–0.5%
Typical on market: 0.01–0.05%
What it is
EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) is the primary catechin in green tea — a polyphenol flavonoid responsible for most of green tea's biological effects. In toothpastes and mouthwashes, EGCG acts as an antibacterial agent and antioxidant.
Traditional Chinese medicine has used tea tree bark and leaves to treat oral inflammation for over three thousand years. EGCG is the isolated molecule behind that traditional practice.
How it works
Against bacteria. EGCG inhibits the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to enamel surfaces — the first step in dental plaque formation. Without adhesion, bacteria cannot form a biofilm. EGCG also disrupts established biofilms by breaking down their matrix.
Antioxidant effect. Free radicals are constantly present in gingival fluid as byproducts of inflammation and bacterial activity. EGCG neutralizes them, reducing oxidative stress in gum tissues.
No resistance development. Unlike antibiotics, EGCG acts through multiple molecular targets simultaneously: disrupting cell membranes, inhibiting cell wall synthesis enzymes, and binding metals essential for bacterial growth. This multi-target action prevents bacteria from developing resistance.
Efficacy
Clinically: a 30–40% reduction in plaque index when using a solution at concentrations above 0.1%.
An important nuance: most products on the market contain EGCG at trace levels — 0.01–0.05%. This allows the label to list "green tea extract," but delivers no real benefit. The effective threshold starts at 0.1%.
Safety
EGCG is a natural compound consumed daily in tea at far greater amounts than found in toothpastes. No toxicity data exists for topical oral application. Safe for long-term use.
Comparison with chlorhexidine
| Parameter | EGCG | Chlorhexidine | |---|---|---| | Tooth staining | None | Yes — with prolonged use | | Taste perception | Unaffected | Disrupted, bitter taste | | Resistance development | Does not occur | Theoretically possible | | Long-term use | Safe | Recommended in courses | | Evidence base | Growing | Extensive since 1970s |
EGCG is not a replacement for chlorhexidine in acute situations. It is an ingredient for daily care, where long-term safety matters most.